Sunday, December 6, 2015

Eukaryotic Cells Have Complex Interiors

Eukaryotic cells (figures below)

are far more complex than prokaryotic cells.The hallmark of the eukaryotic cell is compartmentalization. The interiors of eukaryotic cells contain numerous organelles, membrane-bounded structures that close off compartments within which multiple biochemical processes can proceed simultaneously and independently.Plant cells often have a large membrane-bounded sac called a central vacuole, which stores proteins, pigments,and waste materials. Both plant and animal cells contain vesicles, smaller sacs that store and transport a variety of materials.Inside the nucleus, the DNA is wound tightly around proteins and packaged into compact units called chromosomes. All eukaryotic cells are supported by an internal protein scaffold, the cytoskeleton. While the cells of animals and some protists lack cell walls, the cells of fungi, plants, and many protists have strong cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin fibers embedded in a matrix of other polysaccharides and proteins. This composition is very different from the peptidoglycan that makes up bacterial cell walls. Let’s now examine the structure
and function of the internal components of eukaryotic cells in more detail.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded organelles that carry out specialized functions.



Structure of a plant cell. A generalized illustration of a plant cell. Most mature plant cells contain large central vacuoles which occupy a major portion of the internal volume of the cell (14,000 ).

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